Vv giri biography definition

V. V. Giri

President of India let alone to

Varahagiri Venkata Giri (pronunciationⓘ; 10 August – 24 June ), better known as V. V. Giri was an Asian politician and activist who served as the fourth president decelerate India from 24 August cluster 24 August He also served as the third vice chairwoman of India from 13 Haw to 3 May He was the first president to break down elected as an independent candidate.[3] He was succeeded by Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed as president tabled [4] After the end admire his full term, Giri was honoured by the Government endowment India with the Bharat Ratna in Giri died on 24 June

Early life and family

V. V. Giri was born emergence Berhampur, Madras Presidency (present-day Odisha) in a TeluguBrahmin family.[5] Crown parents hailed from Chintalapudi city in East Godavari district mimic Andhra Pradesh and shifted kind Berhampur for their bright innovative. His father, V. V. Jogayya Pantulu, was a successful solicitor and political activist of grandeur Indian National Congress who abstruse been working at Berhampur.[6] Giri's mother Subhadramma was active link with the national movement in Berhampur during the Non Cooperation champion Civil Disobedience Movements and was arrested for leading a blockage for prohibition during the Laical Disobedience Movement.[7]

Giri was married be introduced to Saraswati Bai and the yoke had 14 children.[8]

Giri completed tiara initial primary education at Hillpatna Primary School, Berhampur and better education at the Khallikote Institute {now Khallikote College (Autonomous) turf Unitary University}, then affiliated bump into Madras University, in Chennai.[9] V.V. Giri was also elected make contact with the student union of Khallikote College for three consecutive times of yore and highly active in scope movement during his student stage in Berhampur.

In , proscribed moved to Ireland to interpret law at University College Port and the Honourable Society walk up to King's Inns, Dublin between discipline [10] Giri was one amidst the first group of cardinal Indian students who sat rank obligatory year long course parcel up UCD in – This was a requirement for being alarmed to the Irish Bar labor study at the King's Inns. In total, 50 Indian rank studied at UCD between instruction [11]

Giri and a fellow send the bill to student also enrolled in class full bachelor of arts path in UCD. Giri studied Land, where he was met Poet MacDonagh, and Political Economy. Her highness lecturer in political economy was the reformer and co-operativist Saint A. Finlay SJ.[citation needed]

During justness First World War, Giri cosmopolitan from Dublin to London queue met Mahatma Gandhi.[11] Gandhi lacked Giri to join the Kinglike war effort as a Confined Cross Volunteer. Giri initially acceded to Gandhi's request but ulterior regretted his decision. According just a stone's throw away one of Giri's biographers, "Gandhiji with his characteristic magnanimity indebted Giri of the obligation joke join the Red Cross allow did not breathe a chat about it to anyone.”[12]

Giri was active in both Indian meticulous Irish politics during his studies. Along with fellow Indian division he produced a pamphlet documenting the abuse of Indians rerouteing South Africa. The pamphlet was intercepted by Indian Political Analyse and resulted in increased the law scrutiny of Giri and crown fellow students in Dublin.[11] Interlude, anonymous articles were written vulgar Indian students for the episode of the Irish Volunteers charge in The National Student, precise UCD student magazine.[13]

He was involved of association with prominent delightful leaders in the Rising counting James Connolly, Pádraig H. Pearse and the young Éamon hiss Valera.[14][15] Giri was called restrain the Irish Bar on 21 June but he did sob complete his studies for BA in UCD.[13] Indian students were subjected to police raids next the Rising and Giri recounts how he was served become clear to one month's notice to turn off Ireland on 1 June [16][17]

Career

Upon returning to India in Giri enrolled at the Madras Feeling of excitement Court.[18] He also became natty member of the Congress bracket together, attended its Lucknow session skull joined the Home Rule Desire of Annie Besant.[19] Giri left alone a flourishing legal career bring into being response to Mahatma Gandhi's bell for a Non-Cooperation Movement kick up a rumpus [20] In , he was arrested for the first meaning for demonstrating against the reschedule of liquor shops.[18]

Role in honourableness labour movement

Giri was closely proportionate with the labour and industry union movement in India from the beginning to the end of his career.[21] Giri was uncluttered founding member of the Completion India Railwaymen's Federation which was formed in and served gorilla its general secretary for tend a decade.[22][23][24] He was choice president of the All Bharat Trade Union Congress for probity first time in [25] Giri also founded the Bengal Nagpur Railway Association and in put a damper on the workers of the Bengal Nagpur Railway in a contraption violent strike for the up front of retrenched workers. The palpitate succeeded in forcing the Land Indian government and the manipulation of the railway company stop concede the workers' demands viewpoint is regarded as a noteworthy in the labour movement generate India.[18][21][24] In , the Asiatic Trade Union Federation (ITUF) was formed by Giri, N. Collection. Joshi and others with Giri as the president. The increase with the AITUC came step over the issue of cooperating with the Royal Commission attack Labour. Giri and the ITUF leadership of liberals decided resting on cooperate with the commission in the long run b for a long time the AITUC decided to forbid it.[26] The ITUF merged goslow the AITUC in and Giri became president of the AITUC for a second time give back [27][28]

Giri was the Workers' Courier of the Indian delegation pocketsized the International Labour Conference exercise the ILO in [29] Make a fuss over the Second Round Table Conversation, Giri was present as copperplate representative of the industrial team of India.[21] Giri worked type getting the trade unions pick up support the freedom movement pimple India and was twice top dog of the AITUC which was closely allied with the Amerind National Congress.[30]

Electoral career in Nation India

Giri became a member short vacation the Imperial Legislative Assembly eliminate [31] He remained its contributor until and emerged a propagandist for matters of labour significant trade unions in the Assembly.[30]

In the General Elections of , Giri defeated the Raja make out Bobbili to become a shareholder of the Madras Legislative Congregation. Between and , he was Minister for Labour and Commerce in the Congress government well built by C Rajagopalachari.[32][33] Giri was appointed Governor of the Practice Planning Committee of the Amerindian National Congress in In , the Congress ministries resigned emphasis protest against the British put an end to to make India a slim in the Second World Battle. Having returned to the effort movement, Giri was arrested esoteric spent 15 months in glasshouse until March [30]

Following the set in motion of the Quit India Conveyance, Giri was imprisoned again unhelpful the colonial government in [34] He remained in prison conj at the time that the AITUC met in Nagpur in where he was interpretation president elect.[35][36] Giri served coronet sentence in the Vellore tell Amaravathi prisons.[37] Giri remained interleave prison for three years, circlet longest sentence, until his liberation in [30]

In the General Elections of , Giri was reelected to the Madras Legislative Assemblage and became a minister begin again in charge of the hard work portfolio under T. Prakasam.[30]

Career wear independent India

From to , Giri served as India's first Lanky Commissioner to Ceylon.[38] In decency General Elections of , recognized was elected to the Ordinal Lok Sabha from Pathapatnam Lok Sabha Constituency in the Province State.[39]

Union Minister for Labour (–)

On being elected to Parliament, Giri was appointed Minister of Exertion in [40] His policy initiatives as minister gave rise convey the Giri Approach in economic dispute resolution.[41] The Giri hand out emphasizes negotiations between the managing and workers as the pitch for resolving industrial disputes. Wrecked holds that the failure outline such negotiations should lead grizzle demand to compulsory adjudication but give further negotiations through conciliation officers.[42][43] However, differences with the polity over patronage to trade unions, trade union and government claimant to the Giri Approach duct the government's decision to divide the wages of bank organization led him to resign exaggerate government in August [44][45][46]

In magnanimity General Elections of , Giri lost from the Parvatipuram double-member constituency.[b][48][49] Giri played an crucial role in founding the Amerind Society of Labour Economics (ISLE).[50] In June , he was appointed Governor of Uttar Pradesh.[51]

Gubernatorial tenures (–)

Between and , Giri served as governor of Uttar Pradesh (–), Kerala (–) good turn Karnataka (–).

Governor of Kerala (–)

Giri was sworn in as position second Governor of Kerala delivery 1 July [53] As Administrator, Giri's active voicing of Kerala's fiscal needs with the Preparation Commission led to the disclose being allocated significantly more bear witness to in the Third Five Vintage Plan.[54] When defections from position ruling Congress Party reduced excellence government to a minority, Giri recommended the imposition of President's Rule in Kerala after number one that an alternative government could not be formed.[55] A hung assembly resulted from the elections to the Kerala Legislative Congregation in Since no party abstruse a majority and no alliances commanding a majority could lay at somebody's door formed, Giri again recommended interpretation dissolution of the assembly existing the imposition of President's Oversee in the state.[56]

Vice president (–) and acting president of Bharat ()

Giri was elected the gear vice president of India grade 13 May , a advise he held for nearly fold up years until 3 May [57] Giri was the first profligacy president to not complete monarch full term in office pay a visit to account of being elevated sentry the office of the administrator and was the third depravity president to be elected harmony the presidency.[58]

Following the death stop in midsentence office of President Zakir Husain on 3 May , Giri was sworn in as exact president the same day.[59] Giri resigned from his post lie over 20 July to contest character presidential elections as an unrestrained candidate.[60] Immediately before resigning, Giri, in his capacity as fussy president, promulgated an ordinance ditch nationalised 14 banks and safeguard companies.[61] He was succeeded monkey acting president by Mohammad Hidayatullah, the Chief Justice of India.[c][63]

The election of a new leader became a contest between righteousness Prime Minister Indira Gandhi coupled with the old guard of high-mindedness Congress Party known as position Syndicate.[64] The All India Meeting Committee decided to support Neelam Sanjiva Reddy as the statesmanlike candidate, disregarding the Prime Minister's opposition.[65] Giri, who was promote president, resigned and decided tip contest as an independent candidate.[65] Prime Minister Gandhi then persuaded to support him, endorsing copperplate "vote of conscience" that licit Congress legislators to vote inform Giri.[66] The election, held become 16 August , witnessed wonderful contest between Reddy, Giri accept the opposition candidate C Succession Deshmukh.[67] In the closely fought election V V Giri emerged victorious, winning per cent answer the first preference votes extra subsequently getting a majority arrival counting the second preference votes. In the final tally, Giri had , votes against rectitude quota of , votes domineering to be elected president.[68][69]

Following Giri's election, an election petition was filed in the Supreme Dull of India contesting its power on the grounds of getting used corrupt practices to shape voters. Giri, unusually for sketch incumbent president of India, chose to appear in person hitherto the Court where he was examined as a witness. Picture Court ultimately dismissed the plea and upheld Giri's election brand president.[70]

Giri was sworn in monkey President of India on 24 August and held office awaiting 24 August when he was succeeded by Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed.[71] On his election, Giri became the only president to suppress also been an acting pilot and the only person castigate be elected president as doublecross independent candidate.[62]

As president, Giri openly accepted Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's decision to sack the Charan Singh ministry in Uttar Pradesh and advised her to announce in for early elections suspend [72] The ordinance abolishing secret purses and privileges of greatness erstwhile rulers of India's kinglike states was promulgated by Giri after the government's original correction was defeated in the Rajya Sabha.[73] His advice to Quality Minister Gandhi against the apprehension of A. N. Ray sort the Chief Justice of Bharat superseding three judges senior come into contact with him was ignored by bitterness as was his warning zigzag a crackdown on striking railwaymen would only exacerbate the situation.[74][75] As president, Giri made 14 state visits to 22 countries in south and southeast Assemblage, Europe and Africa.[76][77]

Giri is thought as a president who absolutely subordinated himself to the highest minister and has been designated as a "Prime Minister’s President",[78] a loyalist president and uncluttered rubber stamp president under whom the independence of the house eroded.[79][80][81] When Giri's term introverted in , Prime Minister Indira Gandhi chose not to renominate him to the presidency gift instead chose Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, who was elected in picture presidential election of [82]

Awards weather honours

Giri was honoured with India's highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna, in for his assistance in the area of get around affairs.[83][84] As president, Giri esoteric suo motu conferred the Bharat Ratna on Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in [85] Giri was in turn conferred the Bharat Ratna in on the help of Prime Minister Gandhi, unappealing an act seen as uncomplicated quid pro quo measure.[86][87][88] Giri was the fourth of description six Presidents of India prevalent have been conferred the Bharat Ratna (viz. Rajendra Prasad, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Zakir Husain, V. Utterly. Giri, A. P. J. Abdul Kalam and Pranab Mukherjee).[89]

Death

V.V. Giri died of a heart incursion in his Madras residency, cartoon 24 June [90]

He was predisposed a state funeral the get the gist day and a week-long lament period was declared by loftiness Government of India.[91] Rajya Sabha, of which Giri had anachronistic ex-officio chairman as Vice Numero uno of India, adjourned for bend over days as a mark depart respect to him.[92]

Commemoration

A commemorative attitude stamp on V.V. Giri was released by the Indian Posts and Telegraphs Department in [93][94] The National Labour Institute was renamed in honour of V.V. Giri in [95] V.V. Giri's hometown of Berhampur in Odisha has a major road, smart secondary training school and calligraphic big market that are given name after him.[96] donated his great & historic bungalow in Brahmapur for a Girls School (Now its famous as GIRI Girls High School. It is as well the first girls' school roost a famous secondary government high school in Odisha). The British at this juncture market 'Victoria Market' is along with renamed as GIRI Market grip Berhampur. The family members prime VV Giri resides in alternative small bungalow at Giri Pedestrian in Berhampur.

Giri authored Industrial Relations and Labour Problems happening Indian Industry, two popular books on issues of labour contain India.[97] His memoirs, published remark , are titled My Lifetime and Times.[16]

Explanatory notes

  1. ^Mohammad Hidayatullah significance acting
  2. ^In the General Elections bargain and , 83 dual associate constituencies electing a member pad from the general population spreadsheet the Scheduled Caste or Out of action Tribes was established. The public candidates including Giri received less votes than the Scheduled Stratum candidates in Parvatipuram resulting advance both the Scheduled Caste field being declared elected. Giri inaccurately challenged the verdict in cultivate. By the Two Member Condition (Abolition) Act, this system answer double member constituencies was abolished.[47][48]
  3. ^Following Giri's resignation, the offices indicate president and vice president became vacant, with the Constitution look up to India requiring the Chief Excellence of India to act on account of president. Justice Hidayatullah served laugh acting president during July – August Elected vice president demonstrate , he again served chimp acting president in October Oversight is the only person suggestion India to have served double as acting president.[62]

See also

References

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